Your Makefiles are full of tabs and errors. An opinionated approach to writing (GNU) Makefiles that I learned from Ben may still be able to salvage them.
J’en parle beaucoup autour de moi, lors de mes interventions et je vois que d’autres publient aussi leur expérience informatique sans avoir recours aux géants américains de la tech. Alors voici l’état de ma déGAFAMisation et les alternatives que j’ai choisies, testées et que je peux recommander pour inspirer d’autres personnes souhaitant franchir le pas 🙂
MOPRIA printer
Today I have the privilege to hold in my hands something special. It is called Ratio Zero and it is the worlds first operational gear based cvt But before I explain how this piece of mechanical poetry actually works allow me to first explain why a gear based CVT is a big deal.
As you probably know CVT stands for continuously variable transmission and from the perspective of fuel efficiency, smoothness and ease of use they are the ultimate transmission. And while I would not choose a CVT transmission for a vehicle that I want to take to a twisty mountain road or to the track where I want to enjoy revving the engine out through the gears, I would gladly choose a CVT for a vehicle that I drive everyday on the highway or in boring stop-and go commuter traffic.
A traditional manual or automatic transmission has a set number of gear ratios or speeds
For example, a gear ratio of 3.6:1 tells us that for every 3.6 revolution of the engine, the wheels only make one revolution while the torque at the wheels is increased 3.6 times. So the frist gear reduces vehicle but increases torque, this is why it’s used for getting the vehicle moving from a standstill and top climb steep hills.
A manual or automatic transmission will usually have anywhere between 4 to 8 such gear ratios which we call speeds. Compared to this a CVT will only have two “gear ratios” or speeds. This is because a cvt does not have gears Instead we have two conical pulleys and a belt or chain running around them. We slide the belt along these pulleys and the different sizes of the pulleys at different parts of the cone simulate an endless number of different gear sizes which means that a CVT has an endless number of ratios in this range between its lowest and highest ratio. So if an automatic or manual is a 6 speed or 7 speed or whatever than a CVT is a million speed transmission or an infinite number of speeds transmission.
Ok, if CVTs are so great why aren’t they more popular? Why aren’t they on every car, truck, motorcycle, bicycle?
Well, that’s because traditional CVTs, they kinda suck.
Their first problem is that although they help the engine be more efficient, they themselves are not very efficient at all and that’s because friction is at the very core of the design of a CVT. If you observe the inner workings you will see that torque is transferred between the pulleys by a belt or a chain. The belt or chain has nothing to grip onto, there are no gear teeth, no notches, no grabbing points, which means that the belt tension or the friction between the belt itself and the smooth surface of the pulley cone are the only thing transferring the torque. Which means that to transfer substantial amounts of torque we need substantial friction and as we know friction leads to efficiency losses, heat and wear. This is why a typical belt or chain CVT in a car is around 80-88% efficient, a more simple scooter CVT is around 70-75% efficient whereas a geared manual transmission is 95-97% efficient in almost all applications.
This is why researchers, inventors and many others have been trying to create a transmission that combines the smoothness, ease of use, fuel efficiency and continually variable gear ratios of the CVT with the torque capacity and low friction of a geared transmission.
Despite repeated efforts there has been little success, until in 2016 a man named Edyson Pavlicu had a breakthrough idea - to split the rotation and create the world's first geared CVT transmission - Ratio Zero.
I frequently see debates about whether it's better to be a cog at a giant semi-monopoly, or to take investment money in the hopes of one day growing to be head cog at a giant semi-monopoly.
Role models matter. So I made a list of small companies that I admire. Neither giants nor startups - just people making a living writing software on their own terms.
La Nouvelle Aventure Mobile
3000 km en véhicule intermédiaire à la rencontre des pionnier(e)s
d’une mobilité plus durable et "made in France"
FIGURINES CUSTOMISÉES
Réalisation de figurines personnalisées
à votre effigie ou celle de vos amis
Le cabinet d’Élisabeth Borne a décidé de repousser à la fin de l’année la publication d’une étude inédite sur les violences et cyberviolences de genre « chez les jeunes de 11 à 18 ans », qui touchent pas moins de « 43 % » des élèves. Mediapart en publie les principales conclusions.
How Duolingo works: 14 years of big learnings in one little handbook.
A culture like Duolingo’s doesn’t come from some corporate playbook - it had to be built from scratch.
We started with a few dozen nerds above a Pittsburgh sports bar, fueled by a wild dream to make the world’s best education accessible to everyone.
Today, we're a ~$16B* company with 800+ employees, but we've held on to what makes us special: a truly quirky culture, endless experiments, an obsession with thinking long-term, and our slightly unhinged sense of humor.
After 14 years of figuring out what works (and what doesn't), we decided to write it all down. The Duolingo Handbook captures our core principles through stories of wins, failures, and plenty of surprises along the way. It's not a blueprint – it's a look inside a culture that's helped us build something unique in tech.
What's in our handbook?
At the center of this book are 5 principles. These aren’t aspirational—they’re lessons we've learned through experience.
- Take the Long View: If it helps in the short-term but hurts Duolingo in the long-term, it’s not right.
- Raise the Bar: To change how the world learns, we must do world-class work.
- Ship It!: For a good idea to become reality, we need to push experiments with a sense of urgency. So go, go, go!
- Show Don’t Tell: We use clear, concise communication that is grounded in data and real impact.
- Make It Fun: We bring a sense of humor, joy, and imagination to everything we do.
Plus, we unpack The Green Machine, our simple approach to building things: gather excellent people, let them experiment, and double down on what works.
Want the full scoop?
The Duolingo Handbook is packed with insights, stories, and principles that you can use for your own work or team. Whether you’re a founder, creative, aspiring CEO, or just someone who loves learning about how companies work – this handbook is for you.
hastable tiny pointers
📚 The largest truly open library in human history. ⭐️ We mirror Sci-Hub and LibGen. We scrape and open-source Z-Lib, DuXiu, and more. 📈 42,295,586 books, 98,401,812 papers — preserved forever. All our code and data are completely open source. Learn more…
z-library like